What is Tuberculosis (TB)

What is Tuberculosis (TB)caused by?
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. Not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes sick.

Recently, World Health Organization (WHO) released new guidance to support National Strategic Planning (NSP) for the tuberculosis (TB).

In news 
• NSP for TB is a key document that guides national authorities and stakeholders on how to comprehensively address the TB epidemic through goal(s), strategies, priority interventions within health and across other sectors.
1.Each goal must be defined in line with SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time-bound) criteria.
2. Current document is an update to 2015 Toolkit
to develop a NSP for TB prevention, care and control.

Steps taken to eliminate Tuberculosis
• India’s efforts:
1. National Strategic Plan (NSP), 2017- 2025: to eliminate TB by 2025, five years ahead of the target for TB set by SDG, 2030.
2. National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP): has expanded both the laboratory network as well
as diagnostic facilities to cover the entire country.

 Earlier, it was known as Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP).
1.  NIKSHAY Portal: It is the National TB information system to manage information of patients and
monitor program activity throughout the country.
2.  NIKSHAY Poshan Yojana (NPY): provides direct benefit transfer (DBT) for all TB patients.
3. TB Free India Campaign launched by PM to
eliminate Tuberculosis in India by 2025.
4. Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyan, 2022-
Also known as Ni-kshay Mitra Initiative. One can
adopt TB patients (so far 10 lakhs adopted) and
provide them with monthly nutritional support.
5. New Diagnostic Test: CB-NAAT (cartridge-based
nucleic acid amplification test), TrueNat (rapid
testing for TB) etc.
6.  India is the first country in world to develop a sophisticated mathematical model to track spread of
TB disease.
• Global efforts to eliminate TB:
- Moscow Declaration, 2017: to increase multisectoral action and enhance accountability in the global TB response towards ending TB by 2030.
- WHO End TB Strategy: It serves as a blueprint for countries to reduce TB incidence by 80%, TB deaths by
90%, and to eliminate catastrophic costs for TB-affected households by 2030.
 -Find. Treat. All. #EndTB: It is the joint Initiative of WHO, Stop TB Partnership, and Global Fund to diagnose treat and report 40 million people with TB.

Way Forward
• Integrated approach: It should include a hygienic lifestyle, nutritional food uptake, and better health care services.
• Human Resource Development: Physical training
at National TB Institute (NTI), Bengaluru and other institutes shall be promoted.
• Early Diagnosis and Monitoring: By adopting the latest technologies, creating awareness etc.
• Community Participation: Will support government initiatives such as Ni-kshay Mitra Initiative.

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